In this case it does not appear that there would be any grants to speak of .sx It is further unlikely that the business of keeping a motherly eye would be more than a subsidiary job of some official in that particularly busy Department .sx It appears to have been the opinion of most of the bodies which gave evidence before the Committee that a special National body should be created for the purpose of administering the Parks system .sx This view was accepted by the Committee .sx Very little argument was devoted to the question whether the personnel should be entirely Governmental , or entirely private , or a mixture of both .sx A mixed Commission composed of representatives of Government Departments and various of the Societies represented at this Conference was advocated by the joint Committee of the Lake District Extension and the Fell and Rock Climbing Club .sx This corresponds with the system adopted in Switzerland , where there is a Commission of seven members , four appointed by the Government and three by various Societies .sx The costs of administration are borne partly by the State and partly by the Societies .sx A large proportion of the Scottish witnesses , on the other hand , advocated the foundation of a Scottish National Trust i.e. , they preferred a private body .sx The Departmental Committee are definitely opposed to any representation of the Societies as such on the National Authority .sx They propose separate National Authorities for England and Scotland , each to consist of not more than five persons , selected by virtue of their experience of public service and administration .sx The Societies are , however , to appoint a Consultative Council .sx This scheme is vague and sketchy ; where it is definite as in respect of the five persons , it is unsatisfactory .sx It is absolutely essential that the National Authority should be inspired by an " amenity " outlook .sx Experience of public service is not sufficient .sx It is particularly important that the Chairman , who is to have a paid whole-time job , should be wisely chosen .sx No recommendation is made as to the Minister in whose patronage the appointment is to lie .sx In my view he should be appointed by the Prime Minister himself and after consultation with representatives of the Societies .sx Moreover , since all the administrative work proper will fall on the shoulders of the Chairman and his staff , it seems more important that his colleagues should be chosen by virtue of their knowledge of the countryside movement than by virtue of their public service .sx It might be that two of them should be appointed by Government Departments such as the Ministry of Health and the Forestry Commission , and the other two by the Societies .sx One of these should almost certainly be selected for his knowledge of wild life in all its forms .sx The proposal to create two Authorities seems also unfortunate .sx The difference of the problem as between England and Scotland will not be greater than the divergence presented say , by the Lake District and a stretch of Cornish coast .sx The system should be viewed as one whole , but if there are 'two separate Authorities the logic of events will prove too strong for any very valuable work by the Central Co-ordinating Committee which it is proposed to set up .sx If such a body is indeed to be established , its functions and meetings should be prescribed in some detail .sx Even as a unified Authority , the Commission will be small and somewhat obscure divided , it will have but little power .sx Yet it may , and should be , in much closer relationship with the public than many a more important Department .sx In my view it is important that it should answer for its work in Parliament ; and I therefore think that it would be desirable for one of the five members of the Commission to be a Member of Parliament .sx Much the same remarks apply to the Consultative Councils which are to be nominated by the Societies .sx These will tend to become empty formalities unless given definite duties and periodic meetings .sx It seems to me that this proposal for a National Commission modified in the ways I have suggested is the most satisfactory .sx Several of the witnesses before the Departmental Committee proposed to give the work to the National Trust .sx If it is to be done by an existing voluntary body it is clear that the Trust is best fitted by virtue of its experience and its organisation of local Committees to carry it out .sx As the Committee point out , however , many different and perhaps larger tasks are involved , while even where the work is the same it would be upon a much wider scale , so that , in effect , the Trust would have to be re-organised and practically converted into a Commission of the type I have just discussed .sx The result of this might be exceedingly serious from the point of view of what have been the chief and most valuable activities of the Trust the preservation of numerous small beauty spots and historic and interesting monuments .sx Absorption in the wider field of National Parks might lead to neglect of these equally important duties .sx I have already noted that in Australia several of the Parks are administered by specially constituted Trusts and , if a non-Governmental body is required , it might be wise to establish a new independent Trust , and leave the National Trust to continue its good work .sx Such evidence as I have rather points against the entirely voluntary system .sx In Sweden , the Academy of Sciences .sx was given control when National Reserves were started there in 1909 , though it works to some extent through the appropriate Local Authorities and the Forestry Department .sx This does not seem to have proved entirely satisfactory , and a movement is on foot to overhaul the administration .sx In Holland , also , there appears to be no really national system , the two important Reserves being separately administered by ad hoc bodies .sx The movement in these countries would , however , seem not to have made so much progress as elsewhere .sx I do not propose to embark upon an analysis of the actual work of the Central Commission .sx It would do the most part of this through Officers or Committees established in the various Parks .sx It will be necessary , however , to have national policies in respect of various matters such as rights of access , recreational facilities , nature reserves , building , etc. It might be found useful to make individual Commissioners responsible for one or more of these subjects .sx Considerable powers of making Bye-laws and Regulations must be conferred on the Commissioners by the National Parks Act .sx Separate sets of Regulations will be required for each area , but while the local representatives should be encouraged to provide their own schemes , it will be valuable if these can , as far as possible , conform to a standard scheme .sx Care should be taken not to go too much into detail and to avoid petty and irksome restrictions .sx The Canadian Authorities have almost as many Regulations as existed under D.O.R.A. ; for example , the rate to be paid for a bath with a tap is fixed at $1 .sx 40 per annum the rate for a bath without a tap , however , is not mentioned .sx Regulation 82 of the 1909 Order in Council provides that " no person shall be permitted to bathe near any of the regularly travelled roads , dwellings , or other places of public resort in the Park without suitable batheing clothes .sx " In the United States and Canada , publicity forms an important part of the work of the Parks Authority .sx In Canada , especially , " tourism , " to use an ugly word , is one of the country's leading industries .sx One result is a well illustrated and highly interesting series of guide books to the different Parks .sx The Commissioners here should certainly be required to issue an Annual Report and Survey of their activities .sx Whether publicity should go much further than this is doubtful , though it would be well to issue short pamphlets explaining the facilities for camping , etc. , in the different Parks .sx So far only very feeble efforts have been made to foster tourism as an industry in this country .sx The idea is distasteful to many of us , but in a time of declining prosperity it needs to be examined .sx In such a campaign the publicity section of the Central Authority could play an important part .sx I have discussed the central organisation at greater length than I had intended .sx Local administration , though of the first importance , can be dealt with more shortly .sx Here the main object to be aimed at is flexibility .sx Every Park must have its own scheme , carefully thought out according to its needs and character .sx We in the National Trust have found that the management of our properties was best left in the hands of local Committees .sx Such Committees are constituted locally , and are given a large measure of independence .sx They report annually to the Executive Committee on their management and finances .sx In a National Parks system , it would probably be necessary to exercise some control in the appointment of such local bodies ; for example , it would be advisable to provide in each case for representation of the Local Authorities interested , while the National Trust , the C.P.R.E. and similar bodies would also in most cases be represented .sx The Departmental Committee stresses the importance of the Parks as nature sanctuaries .sx This aspect of the matter is among the most essential , and will call for considerable detailed work , which can perhaps best be done by subsidiary Committees , the Chairmen of which will be members of the local Executive .sx Similarly with camping and recreational activities generally .sx While it will be important not to have too much organisation , it is clear , in the Lake District for example , that the indiscriminate pitching of tents is becoming unsightly , and although campers on the whole deserve praise for their cleanliness , with the rapid increase in the popularity of camps and caravans , sanitary arrangements are becoming necessary .sx This subject will require separate handling and will probably be best entrusted to a Sub-Committee of the local Executive .sx It is in my view parallel to and of much the same importance as the subject of parking facilities for motor-cars , with which I have been asked to deal specially .sx The two matters might well be handled by the same Sub-Committee .sx It is common knowledge that parking of cars has become an intolerable nuisance on many Commons and Open Spaces in the vicinity of large cities .sx A section of the Road Traffic Act was directed to preventing motorists from driving on to Commons , but by implication it invites them to draw up on the grass verges .sx Very little attempt has been made to enforce these provisions and in my view it is clear that the only way to make such legislation effective is to give the duty of taking action to some really interested body of persons .sx It will accordingly be necessary to give the Central Commissioners powers to make Regulations dealing with such matters , for there are a recalcitrant section of motorists and others who are not open to persuasion .sx On at least one occasion efforts have been made to get the National Trust to take .sx over a Common situated near a large town because the local people had found themselves powerless to deal with motorists .sx Parks will have to be situated so as not to be eyesores , as at Lulworth Cove .sx On the other hand , it will not be politic to interfere with motorists too much , and pleasant spots will have to be provided for them , so that those who cannot or will not use their legs may eat their meals and enjoy their surroundings .sx These should be out of sight of main roads if possible .sx A policy for motor parks should probably be uniform in character , and laid down by the Central Authority ; the local Committee being given the job of carrying it out , though no doubt in doing so allowance could be made for any exceptional local requirements .sx I think that the work will only be done efficiently if each Park has a small permanent staff .sx Each Executive Committee should have a paid Secretary whose whole-time services should be at its disposal .sx He would correspond roughly with the Superintendent in the American and Dominion Parks .sx