I  do  not  know  what  the  right  hon .sx   Gentleman  means  by  " large  
part  of  the  country .sx   " For  all  I  know  , over  a  geographical  area  what  
he  says  may  be  true .sx   For  example  , let  us  consider  the  area  in  which  
the  hon .sx   Member  for  Exeter  plays  such  a  large  part .sx   If  the  
Government  knock  down  one  cottage  in  the  middle  of  Dartmoor  , they  may  
be  removing  all  the  slums  over  a  wide  area .sx   But  if  the  Minister  
means  , by  " large  " ,  areas  where  people  are  living  in  great  
concentrations  of  population  , then  the  answer  is  that  the  areas  that  
are  not  keeping  up  with  the  slum  clearance  programme  represent  the  
majority  of  unfit  houses  in  the  country .sx   
The  figures  which  the  right  hon .sx   Gentleman  quoted  in  the  White  
Paper  , relating  to  50  local  authorities  who  were  behindhand  in  their  
programmes  , included  authorities  in  some  of  our  great  industrial  
areas .sx   If  , when  he  talks  about  the  problem  being  solved  over  a  large  
part  of  the  country  , he  is  merely  noting  that  in  Torquay  , for  
instance  , 41  out  of  42  houses  were  demolished  in  five  years  , I  give  
him  his  figures  , but  we  know  that  in  the  great  industrial  areas  the  
situation  is  completely  different .sx   
The  right  hon .sx   Gentleman  is  entitled  to  make  the  point  that  he  
is  not  solely  responsible  for  slum  clearance  , and  that  it  is  a  
question  of  partnership  between  him  and  the  local  authorities .sx   When  
things  go  well  , we  do  not  hear  much  about  the  contributions  made  by  
local  authorities  , but  we  are  likely  to  hear  about  them  when  things  go  
badly .sx   What  are  the  reasons  for  the  slow  completion  of  the  slum  
clearance  programmes ?sx   He  gave  first  priority  to  the  shortage  of  
technical  staff  , but  I  would  like  to  point  out  one  reason  for  that  
shortage .sx   
Up  to  1957  , local  authorities  had  been  encouraged  to  build  up  the  
technical  staffs  in  their  housing  departments  , under  the  drive  of  the  
early  years  , but  then  they  were  suddenly  faced  with  a  drastic  cut  in  
their  programmes  , imposed  by  the  Government  , and  they  had  to  turn  away  
their  technical  staffs  , who  found  work  elsewhere .sx   That  was  not  the  
fault  of  local  authorities .sx   Once  an  establishment  has  been  arrived  at  
for  carrying  out  a  certain  programme  it  is  very  difficult  to  maintain  
it  if  Government  interference  causes  frequent  fluctuations  in  that  
programme .sx   
One  of  the  alarming  things  that  the  Minister  said  was  in  reply  to  
a  Question  put  by  my  hon .sx   Friend  the  Member  for  Oldham  , East  ( Mr.  
Mapp) .sx   He  said  that  he  hoped  to  see  the  recruitment  of  technical  
staff  improved  by  the  engagement  of  staffs  from  other  local  
authorities  as  they  completed  their  slum  clearance  programmes .sx   That  
was  a  rather  nasty  shock  for  local  authorities  who  were  hoping  that  
when  they  had  completed  their  slum  clearance  programmes  they  would  be  
able  to  go  on  with  their  other  necessary  programmes-  perhaps  to  
increase  their  programmes  for  houses  for  the  old  people  , for  the  sick  
and  the  disabled  , and  also  to  expand  their  programme  of  houses  for  
general  needs .sx   By  his  Answer  the  right  hon .sx   Gentleman  was  saying  
that  when  local  authorities  completed  their  slum  clearance  programme  
he  was  going  to  cut  down  their  programmes  for  other  forms  of  house  
building  to  force  the  transference  of  technical  staffs  to  those  areas  
which  had  still  to  complete  their  slum  clearance  programmes .sx   
Another  difficulty  has  been  the  rise  in  the  cost  of  land  , about  
which  the  House  has  had  a  good  deal  to  say .sx   There  are  two  aspects  of  
this  problem .sx   There  is  the  special  problem  of  areas  in  which  there  is  
an  excessive  demand  for  land  , about  which  I  do  not  want  to  say  much  at  
the  moment .sx   But  even  in  areas  where  there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  
that  the  demand  for  land  is  abnormal  the  price  has  risen  enormously .sx   
My  constituency  of  Widnes  is  in  an  industrial  part  of  Lancashire  , 
which  is  not  developing  very  rapidly .sx   Nevertheless  , although  only  
five  or  six  years  ago  +500  an  acre  was  considered  a  fairly  stiff  
price  to  pay  , in  the  last  few  compulsory  purchase  orders  it  has  made  
that  local  authority  has  been  paying  over  +7,000  an  acre .sx   That  is  
some  measure  of  the  obstacles  which  face  a  local  authority  which  is  
trying  to  carry  out  its  slum  clearance  programme .sx   
The  question  of  the  interest  rate  affects  both  the  cost  of  land  
and  the  increased  cost  of  building .sx   Local  authorities  are  caught  both  
ways .sx   They  are  caught  in  relation  to  their  normal  costs  , because  any  
increase  in  the  rate  of  interest  means  an  immediate  increase  in  rents .sx   
They  are  also  caught  by  the  excessive  cost  of  all  the  auxiliary  
services  which  have  to  be  added  to  the  actual  building  cost .sx   In  this  
connection  , the  Government  issued  some  interesting  figures  , which  I  
propose  to  use  rather  than  my  own  , because  we  must  presume  that  the  
Government  figures  are  fairly  accurate .sx   If  a  rate  of  interest  of  3  
3/4  per  cent .sx -  which  is  about  equivalent  to  the  Public  Works  Loan  
Board  rate  in  1950-  is  compared  not  with  the  present  rate  of  6  1/8  
per  cent .sx   , but  5  3/4  per  cent .sx   , the  difference  in  respect  of  the  
loan  charges  on  a  house  costing  +1,500  is  about  +32  5s .sx   a  year .sx   
That  may  not  seem  a  great  deal  of  money  , but  it  is  enough  to  knock  
out  even  a  +24  subsidy .sx   In  other  words  , over  the  last  ten  years  the  
Government  have  really  not  been  paying  any  subsidy  at  all .sx   They  have  
been  increasing  costs  by  raising  the  rate  of  interest  on  loans  while  
increasing  the  subsidies  by  a  figure  not  nearly  enough  to  meet  the  
extra  costs  caused  thereby .sx   
We  can  , therefore  , say  that  the  present  unhappy  position  in  slum  
clearance  is  largely  due  to  the  obstacles  placed  in  the  way  of  local  
authorities  either  directly  or  indirectly  , by  Government  policy .sx   I  do  
not  know  what  the  current  estimates  will  be  , but  in  last  year's  
estimates  the  amount  of  money  paid  out  in  subsidy  for  expensive  sites  
rose  very  drastically .sx   Was  that  due  to  the  fact  that  more  expensive  
land  was  being  used  , or  that  the  Government  were  having  to  pay  
expensive  site  subsidies  on  ordinary  land  in  areas  where  no  such  
subsidy  would  have  had  to  be  paid  before ?sx   I  suspect  that  the  second  
alternative  was  the  cause  of  the  increased  estimates .sx   
I  now  turn  to  the  question  of  overspill  , in  respect  of  which  it  
is  very  difficult  to  discover  what  has  been  happening .sx   It  is  one  of  
the  engaging  peculiarities  of  the  situation  that  the  Scottish  Housing  
Return  gives  figures  relating  to  the  rehousing  of  people  from  
overspill  areas  while  the  right  hon .sx   Gentleman  as  far  as  I  know  , is  
careful  never  to  give  any  such  figures .sx   I  do  not  know  what  has  been  
happening .sx   All  I  know  is  that  some  years  ago  the  Permanent  Secretary  
reckoned  that  about  2  million  people  were  required  to  move  from  the  
great  towns  , and  that  that  meant  the  building  of  over  500,000  houses .sx   
If  that  information  is  married  with  the  estimate  of  a  former  Minister  
of  Housing  and  Local  Government-  the  present  Secretary  of  State  for  
Commonwealth  Relations-  that  20,000  houses  were  needed  annually  for  
overspill  , we  see  that  that  envisages  a  programme  lasting  for  about  
twenty-five  years  , which  is  a  fairly  long-term  project .sx   It  is  much  
more  than  even  the  development  of  a  single  new  town .sx   The  last  figures  
I  have  seen  , which  related  to  1958  , showed  that  under  10,000  houses  
were  being  provided  to  accommodate  overspill .sx   I  do  not  know  what  has  
happened  since  , but  I  suspect  that  , if  anything  , things  have  got  
worse .sx   
Let  us  now  consider  the  right  hon .sx   Gentleman's  attitude  towards  
the  new  towns  , which  form  a  very  important  part  of  the  whole  problem .sx   
For  many  years  it  has  been  very  difficult  to  get  the  right  hon .sx   
Gentleman  to  " come  clean  " on  the  question  whether  or  not  he  
intended  to  build  any  new  towns .sx   For  a  long  time  he  was  rather  
evasive  about  it .sx   In  a  debate  in  July  , 1960  , he  said :sx   
" I  do  not  rule  out  the  idea  of  other  new  towns .sx .  It  is  easy  
for  the  Leader  of  the  Opposition  to  suggest  the  idea  of  more  and  more  
new  towns  as  a  complete  solution  , but  he  never  addressed  himself  , in  
his  speech  , to  where  these  new  towns  should  " -  [OFFICIAL  
REPORT  , 18th  July  , 1960  ; Vol.  627  , c.  56-7 .sx ]  
If  one  read  that  statement  in  the  context  of  the  New  Towns  Act  , 
it  was  reasonable  to  assume-  and  I  think  that  most  people  assumed-  
that  the  Government  were  not  intending  to  provide  any  new  towns  , 
either  because  they  could  not  find  sites  , or  because  they  did  not  want  
to .sx   When  the  New  Towns  Bill  was  being  considered  , the  Government  were  
implored  again  and  again  to  provide  compensation  for  redundancy  , or  to  
give  a  glimmer  of  hope  to  the  people  employed  in  the  new  town  
corporations  that  they  would  get  employment  in  other  new  towns .sx   All  
that  the  right  hon .sx   Gentleman  would  say  was  that  when  the  new  towns  
were  completed  there  would  be  openings  for  them  in  the  general  
administration  of  the  new  towns .sx   But  at  no  time  was  he  prepared  to  
give  any  hope  that  other  new  towns  would  be  provided .sx   
The  right  hon .sx   Gentleman  would  not  pay  compensation  for  the  
people  who  were  made  redundant .sx   The  demoralising  effect  on  the  staff  
of  the  new  towns  was  deplorable .sx   Naturally  , the  people  who  were  faced  
with  the  possibility  of  their  jobs  coming  to  an  end  , the  best  people  , 
the  younger  people  , the  people  who  had  most  hope  in  getting  out  of  the  
new  towns  back  into  either  other  aspects  of  public  service  or  into  
private  enterprise  , took  every  opportunity  to  get  out  because  they  
knew  that  , sooner  or  later  , their  jobs  would  come  to  an  end  and  as  far  
as  they  could  see  there  was  no  hope  of  any  alternative  form  of  
employment .sx   
What  has  happened  now ?sx   In  1951  , a  preliminary  plan  was  prepared  
for  Lancashire  , to  include  Parbold  as  a  new  town .sx   In  the  final  plan  
that  was  submitted  in  1956  , Skelmersdale  , which  was  approximately  the  
same  , was  designated  by  the  Lancashire  County  Council  as  a  new  town  
area .sx   That  was  cut  out  of  the  1956  plan .sx   As  late  as  July  , 1960  , the  
right  hon .sx   Gentleman  was  still  saying  that  he  could  not  find  sites  
for  the  new  towns  , yet  within  a  matter  of  six  months  he  was  telling  us  
in  the  House  that  he  had  decided  to  approve  Skelmersdale  as  a  new  
town .sx   Could  anything  be  more  crazy ?sx   
Could  anything  be  more  crazy  than  to  demoralise  the  staff  , to  
break  up  the  morale  of  the  corporations  , to  do  all  one  can  to  create  
the  impression  that  the  new  towns  are  a  dying  industry  , and  then  , when  
one  has  successfully  done  that  , to  resurrect  a  new  town  which  was  
suggested  originally  in  1951  and  suddenly  decide  to  approve  it ?sx   I  
have  seen  some  of  this .sx   Widnes  is  a  reception  area  for  Liverpool .sx   We  
have  been  vitally  concerned  about  whether  new  towns  would  be  built .sx   I  
am  sure  that  everybody  concerned  with  the  problem  was  under  the  
impression  that  the  Ministry  had  decided  not  to  build  a  new  town  in  
Lancashire .sx   Now  I  am  delighted  that  we  are  to  have  one .sx   If  there  is  
to  be  a  new  town  , could  there  be  a  more  crazy  and  incompetent  way  of  
setting  about  getting  a  successful  new  town  than  the  method  adopted  by  
the  Government ?sx   
What  is  required  from  the  right  hon .sx   Gentleman  is  more  than  a  
few  new  towns  dotted  about  here  and  there .sx   What  is  required  is  a  
determined  effort  to  relocate  not  only  people  , but  industry  , away  from  
London  and  the  South .sx   The  Co-operative  Permanent  Building  Society  
sends  out  an  interesting  bulletin  about  the  price  of  houses  on  which  
it  has  lent  money .sx   It  points  out  that  the  outstanding  feature  of  the  
property  market  during  1960  was  the  marked  rise  in  the  price  of  houses  
in  the  London  area  and  in  the  Home  Counties .sx