3   .sx   
  Oxford  Days   .sx   
  Bernard  Berenson  described  visiting  Ned  Warren  just  a  few  
months  after  Ned  had  completed  A  Tale  of  Pausanian  Love   .sx   
Ned  lived  at  31  Holywell  Street  which  was  just  across  from  New  
College .sx   They  had  been  together  in  Paris  in  the  autumn  of  1887  and  
had  roamed  the  galleries  together .sx   Berenson  was  introduced  to  the  
literary  lights  among  the  students  and  commented  that  nothing  
equalled  Oxford  and  the  men  he  looked  upon :sx   " Take  your  best  
and  imagine  it  more  refined  , more  intellectual  , saner  and  you  have  
the  English  youth  I  meet .sx   "  Berenson's  interest  in  the  male  
charms  of  Oxford  was  , however  , quite  different  from  that  of  his  
friend  Ned  , and  , in  time  , he  objected  to  what  he  and  his  wife  
referred  to  as  " the  Brotherhood  of  Sodomites  "   .sx   B.B.  
boasted  that  at  the  time  he  made  " homosexuals'  mouths  
water  "   .sx   He  also  appeared  to  be  pleased  that  while  at  Oxford  
he  went  out  with  a  new  acquaintance  every  afternoon .sx   A  dozen  years  
later  , Berenson  reflected  on  his  brushes  with  sexual  deviation  , and  
though  he  admitted  " a  delight  in  the  beauty  of  the  male  
that  can  seldom  have  been  surpassed  , and  with  an  almost  unfortunate  
attractiveness  for  other  men  "  ,  he  was  categorical  in  that  
  " I  have  not  only  never  yielded  to  any  temptations  but  have  
deliberately  not  allowed  temptations  to  come  near  "  .sx   
According  to  his  biographer  , Meryle  Secrest  , Berenson  had  a  
  " sqeamish  dislike  of  what  he  would  have  considered  a  sexual  
abnormality  , as  well  as  his  fear  of  guilt  by  association  "   .sx   
Secrest  says  that  homosexuality  never  attracted  Berenson  , and  his  
infatuations  with  attractive  young  women  later  in  his  life  were  
well  known .sx   However  , Kenneth  Clark  maintained  that  he  was  always  
terrified  that  people  would  accuse  him  of  sodomy .sx   Nothing  could  be  
more  damaging  to  his  career .sx   
  There  was  no  doubt  about  the  proclivities  of  Lionel  Johnson  who  
was  a  friend  of  Warren  and  Berenson's .sx   Johnson  was  seven  years  
younger  than  Warren  and  the  son  of  Captain  William  Victor  Johnson  
of  Broadstairs  in  Kent .sx   He  said  of  himself  that  he  was  the  only  
male  member  of  his  family  who  had  not  had  military  training  , and  
his  brief  life  was  both  brilliant  and  tragic .sx   Lionel  Johnson  
entered  Winchester  College  when  he  was  13  and  like  Ned  was  
attracted  to  a  variety  of  religious  expressions :sx   Anglicanism  , 
Buddhism  and  finally  Catholicism .sx   Santayana  knew  him  well  when  he  
had  rooms  at  New  College  , overlooking  Holywell  Street  where  Warren  
lived  , and  described  him  as  " a  little  fellow  , pale  , with  
small  sunken  blinking  eyes  , a  sensitive  mouth  , and  lank  pale  brown  
hair .sx   His  childlike  figure  was  crowned  by  a  smooth  head  , like  a  
large  egg  standing  on  its  small  end .sx   "   .sx   
  Others  were  less  generous .sx   There  are  descriptions  of  Johnson  
with  permed  hair  and  wearing  face  powder  as  well  as  girlish  shoes  
and  blue  silk  stockings .sx   He  devoured  books  and  while  contemptuous  
of  his  fellows  at  college  was  at  the  same  time  enamoured  by  the  
beauty  of  some  of  them .sx   Santayana  said  that  Johnson  lived  on  eggs  
in  the  morning  and  nothing  but  tea  and  cigarettes  during  the  rest  
of  the  day .sx   The  tea  was  soon  replaced  by  alcohol  -  a  liking  for  
which  he  apparently  first  acquired  at  Winchester  where  he  drank  eau  
de  cologne  to  the  amusement  of  his  classmates .sx   Johnson  blamed  his  
alcoholism  on  a  doctor  who  once  prescribed  a  glass  of  whisky  before  
retiring  to  steady  his  nervous  disposition .sx   Towards  the  end  of  his  
life  in  order  to  " ensure  the  Bacchic  haze  that  engulfed  him  
from  the  world  , "  he  was  drinking  two  pints  of  whisky  every  
twenty-four  hours .sx   According  to  one  account  , Johnson's  death  at  35  
was  brought  on  from  a  fractured  skull  he  suffered  from  falling  off  
a  bar  stool  while  eating  a  sandwich  at  the  Green  Dragon  in  
London .sx   
  Berenson  and  Warren  shared  with  Johnson  a  passion  for  the  
writings  of  Walter  Pater  , the  high  priest  of  the  Aesthetic  
Movement .sx   Johnson  became  quite  close  to  Pater  and  he  was  one  of  
many  young  Oxford  men  who  wished  to  model  their  lives  on  
  Marius  the  Epicurean  ,  the  last  of  Pater's  works .sx   Warren  
never  directly  acknowledged  a  debt  to  it  , but  Berenson's  other  
biographer  , Ernest  Samuels  , says :sx   " It  was  probably  
Bernard's  reading  of  Marius  as  much  as  any  more  prudential  
motive  that  led  him   .sx ..  to  take  the  first  of  his  dramatic  steps  
toward  his  ambition  of  perfect  culture .sx   "  Today  , the  book  
appears  indigestible  with  an  impossible  plot .sx   It  is  the  spiritual  
odyssey  of  a  Roman  youth  who  seeks  " to  meditate  much  on  
visible  objects   .sx ..  on  children  at  play  in  the  morning  , the  trees  
in  early  spring  , on  young  animals  , on  the  fashions  and  amusements  
of  young  men  ; to  keep  ever  by  him  if  it  were  but  a  single  choice  
flower  , a  graceful  animal  , or  a  seashell  as  a  token  of  the  whole  
kingdom  of  such  things  "   .sx   
  Unfortunately  for  Berenson  , Pater  made  himself  unavailable  for  
any  t  e-circ  te-  a-grave  -t  e-circ  te  , and  Ned  , 
not  wishing  to  appear  to  be  a  devotee  , made  no  effort  to  be  
admitted  to  Pater's  lectures .sx   That  not  withstanding  , both  Berenson  
and  Warren  were  charged  by  his  thinking  and  Pater's  Marius  was  
passed  among  most  of  their  closest  associates .sx   It  was  a  bond  which  
also  united  them  to  Oscar  Wilde .sx   Johnson  was  a  more  direct  link  to  
Wilde  for  Berenson .sx   At  Winchester  College  , Lionel  Johnson  had  come  
to  know  his  cousin  Lord  Alfred  Douglas  better  and  it  was  Johnson  
who  introduced  Douglas  to  Wilde  , a  momentous  act  to  say  the  least .sx   
The  introduction  was  later  to  have  a  great  effect  upon  Johnson  who  
came  to  dislike  Wilde .sx   Secretly  he  dedicated  his  poem  , The  
Destroyer  of  a  Soul  ,  to  Wilde .sx   It  is  strong  venom .sx   The  opening  
line  says :sx   " I  hate  you  with  a  necessary  hate  "  ,  and  
goes  on  further  to  proclaim :sx   " You  , whom  I  cannot  cease/  
With  pure  and  perfect  hate  to  hate .sx ..  "  Nothing  else  is  
known  of  the  circumstances  of  the  poem .sx   
  Berenson  met  Wilde  at  his  house  in  Tite  Street  and  enjoyed  
  " immortal  Oscar's  outrageous  wit  "  but  , according  to  
Ernest  Samuels  , he  also  " prudently  resisted  Wilde's  
advances  "  ,  an  attitude  which  led  Wilde  to  exclaim  that  
Berenson  was  " completely  without  feeling  "  and  
  " made  of  stone  "   .sx   Berenson  remained  in  touch  with  
Wilde  throughout  the  sensational  trial  of  1895  and  afterwards  
during  Wilde's  imprisonment  in  Reading  gaol .sx   Despite  John  
Fothergill's  close  relationship  with  Wilde  , and  the  fact  that  
Fothergill  often  referred  to  Warren's  acquaintance  with  Wilde  , 
Warren  only  mentioned  Wilde  once  in  his  memoirs :sx   when  he  saw  Wilde  
in  New  York  during  a  lecture  tour .sx   
  Similarly  , Warren  only  wrote  about  Johnson  in  a  detached  
manner .sx   When  he  was  writing  The  Beardsley  Period  ,  Osbert  
Burdett  asked  Warren  to  supply  a  sketch  of  Johnson .sx   Warren  
concentrated  on  Johnson's  love  of  controversy :sx   " His  points  
of  opposition  were  well  taken  , but  they  were  taken  for  the  sake  of  
opposition   .sx ..  When  he  had  made  , or  was  about  to  make  , his  
submission  to  the  Latin  Church  , he  informed  me  that  this  action  was  
'wholly  for  purposes  of  controversy'   .sx ..  I  liked  Johnson .sx   I  thought  
him  a  good  critic  and  a  discriminating  controversalist .sx   I  could  not  
find  that  he  revered  truth .sx   "   .sx   
  Johnson  was  not  easy  to  know  , as  one  of  his  few  close  friends  , 
Frank  Russell  , related :sx   " Friendship  with  Lionel  Johnson  in  
any  ordinary  personal  sense  was  not  an  easy  thing :sx   he  was  aloof  and  
detached  and  apt  to  suggest  an  Epicurean  god  rather  than  a  human  
being .sx   He  didn't  want  to  be  like  this  ; he  passionately  loved  his  
fellow  creatures  in  theory  , but  he  found  it  difficult  in  the  
flesh .sx   "   .sx   
  There  was  more  than  a  bit  of  Johnson  in  Warren  , but  Warren  was  
too  restrained  to  be  in  danger  of  going  down  the  path  of  inner  
destruction .sx   By  the  end  of  his  brief  life  , Johnson  had  left  an  
extraordinary  body  of  literature :sx   hundreds  of  poems  evoking  a  
remarkable  transcendentalism .sx   But  as  Santayana  said :sx   
  " Lionel  Johnson  lived  only  in  his  upper  storey  , in  a  loggia  
open  to  the  sky  ; and  he  forgot  that  he  had  climbed  there  up  a  long  
flight  of  flinty  steps  , and  that  his  campanile  rested  on  the  
vulgar  earth .sx   "   .sx   
  When  only  20  , Johnson  wrote  a  poem  for  Warren  , Counsel .sx   On  
one  level  he  had  certainly  entered  Warren's  psyche :sx   " Bring  
not  to  her  Golden  lore  of  poetry :sx   Not  on  those  dark  eyes  confer  
Glories  of  antiquity .sx   What  wouldest  thou ?sx   She  loves  too  much  , To  
feel  the  solemn  touch  of  Plato's  thought  , that  masters  
thee .sx   "   .sx   
  In  his  memoirs  , Maurice  Bowra  , the  classical  scholar  who  later  
became  Warden  of  Wadham  College  , described  the  Classic  course  at  
Oxford  which  Warren  would  have  experienced .sx   Bowra  said  that  it  was  
  " a  survival  from  the  past  when  the  study  of  Latin  and  Greek  
were  regarded  as  the  base  of  all  human  education  "   .sx   That  is  
why  its  title  was  Lieterae  Humaniores   :sx   Humane  Letters .sx   
Bowra  explained  what  was  expected  of  young  men  at  New  College :sx   
  For  his  first  five  terms  a  student  works  for  Classical  
Moderations  , or  Mods  , and  this  means  that  he  studies  Greek  and  
Latin  literature  in  breadth  and  depth .sx   For  the  next  seven  terms  he  
studies  Greats  , which  is  a  combination  of  ancient  history  , both  
Greek  and  Latin  , with  philosophy  , both  ancient  , that  is  Plato  and  
Aristotle  , and  modern .sx   It  is  thus  an  education  in  the  study  of  
classical  antiquity  in  a  full  sense   .sx ..  [The  student]  must  have  
enough  command  of  the  ancient  languages  to  be  able  to  read  them  in  
bulk  Dan  to  know  what  the  texts  mean .sx    .sx   
  Ned  was  well  prepared  for  this  kind  of  study  and  his  results  in  
Greek  and  Latin  Literature  in  the  Trinity  Term  of  1885  were  
excellent .sx   However  , he  only  took  a  pass  degree  in  1888  and  , 
according  to  the  official  Oxford  record  , that  was  " because  
his  sight  failed  him  after  Moderations  , the  first  set  of  University  
exams  he  took  "   .sx   Other  records  refer  to  Ned's  having  a  
  " physical  breakdown  "  at  this  time .sx   H.A.L.  Fisher  
spoke  of  it  in  those  terms  and  exclaimed  that  with  the  breakdown  
  " all  chance  of  a  First  in  Greats  and  a  Fellowship  
vanished  "   .sx   Writing  in  the  Bowdoin  magazine  , Charles  
Calhoun  suggested  a  psychosomatic  origin  for  this  and  Ned's  other  
ailments .sx   This  view  is  supported  by  Sam  and  Cornelia's  scepticism  
about  Ned's  claims  of  ill  health .sx   Whatever  the  situation  , by  1887  
Ned's  daily  reading  was  reduced  to  four  and  a  half  hours .sx   
  In  his  memoirs  , it  is  Ned's  contention  that  there  had  been  no  
reprieve  from  poor  health  between  1885  and  1894 .sx   At  Lewes  House  , 
Ned's  health  was  continuously  discussed .sx   Mrs  Kathleen  Warner  ( still  
alive  in  Lewes  and  once  a  kitchen  maid  at  Lewes  House  ) says  Warren  
suffered  from  pernicious  anaemia  and  used  to  eat  raw  liver  as  a  
cure .sx   On  several  occasions  she  remembers  a  local  doctor  aggravating  
his  condition  by  applying  leeches  to  Warren's  neck .sx   Warren  wasn't  
the  only  one  inclined  towards  hypochondria  at  Lewes  House .sx   So  also  
was  John  Marshall  -  and  his  future  wife  , Mary  Bliss .sx   All  three  
tried  a  variety  of  cures  at  continental  spas .sx   
  John  Davidson  Beazley  , who  catalogued  the  superlative  Lewes  
House  collection  of  ancient  gems  , was  close  to  two  other  New  
College  men  who  knew  Warren :sx   Maurice  Bowra  and  Harold  Acton .sx   
Beazley  was  devoted  to  Warren  and  tried  hard  to  present  his  friend  
as  much  as  possible  as  a  serious  scholar :sx   " Warren  loved  
ancient  Greece  ; and  especially  its  earlier  phase  ; that  athletic  , 
aristocratic  , and  heroic  age  which  became  fully  articulate  , just  at  
its  close  , in  Pindar  and  Aeschylus  , in  Critius  and  Myron .sx   He  was  an  
admirer  of  exact  scholarship  , and  made  light  of  his  own  attainments  
in  that  respect .sx   "   .sx   
  Beazley  was  too  much  of  a  gentleman  to  reveal  that  Warren's  
endless  translations  of  Greek  and  Latin  verse  and  texts  were  
consigned  to  oblivion  , ending  up  in  his  dust-filled  cupboard  at  
Oxford  , when  he  was  Lincoln  Professor  of  Classical  Archaeology  from  
1925  to  1956 .sx   Subsequent  holders  of  the  chair  ( including  Bernard  
Ashmole  who  was  close  to  both  Marshall  and  Warren  ) , left  them  
undisturbed  in  the  same  cupboard  until  , in  the  1970s  , Warren  and  
Marshall's  personal  papers  were  moved  to  the  librarian's  office  at  
the  Ashmolean  Museum .sx   This  is  where  I  found  them  several  years  ago :sx   
uncatalogued  , unpaginated  and  unread .sx